The recipe of the universe and matter

The recipe of the universe and matter

Through the title of our article today, we can ask some important questions, including, What is the universe?What is the substance or materials that make up it?

In two previous articles we were able to explain how the universe started and that the universe had a beginning

The beginning of the story of the universe

Our article today is where we will explain the universe and its constituent materials

Through the aforementioned questions, which were asked by many scientists, philosophers and physicists, and through what we know that the first person to ask and answer these questions is the Greek philosopher LEUCIPPUS and his answer was that the following is that the entire universe is made up of a small fundamental part, meaning that any fundamental substance found in The universe was made up of a very small part that could not be divided into something smaller than it. One of the students of LEUCIPPUS, the Greek philosopher DEMOCRITUS

, was convinced of the idea of ​​LEUCIPPUS and named that small part that could not be divided by ATOMOS, known today as ATOM. It is based on scientific facts and there is no evidence to prove Here was just a guess for the philosophers, and this explains why some other great philosophers were not convinced of the idea, including PLATO and ARISTOTLE, they were not convinced by the idea of ​​ATOM and they said that if we divide the materials into small parts we will continue to do this process to infinity, and PLATO and ARISTOTLE were the great philosophers at that time and it was Their words are heard in the scientific field, meaning that no one was interested in the idea of ​​DEMOCRITUS. However, ARISTOTLE

was convinced of the theory of the Greek philosopher EMPEDOCLES which says that the entire universe is made up of 4 elements (water and air ,Fire and dirt).

 SKEPTICAL CHEMIST

This idea remained prevalent until the 17th century when the English scientist ROBERT BOYLE wrote his book SKEPTICAL CHEMIST and wrote in it (We cannot know the basic elements of every substance in the universe) and he also said (that any substance that we cannot disassemble chemically and turn it into a simpler substance is an element of The constituent elements of the universe, and that any substance that we can chemically disassemble into simpler substances cannot be called an element and not a constituent of the universe).

In other words, if we take air, for example, which EMPEDOCLES considered to be one of the four elements of the universe, and carry out chemical experiments on the air, we will extract other simpler materials such as OXYGEN and NITROGEN, which represent 98% of the air that covers the planet, and therefore the air is not a component because it can be broken down into simpler materials .

If we take OXYGEN and do chemical experiments on it, we will find that it is the simplest element that we can reach and it cannot be extracted any other element simpler and thus in OXYGEN element, the subject may seem very simple any material that exists once it is subjected to chemical and physical experiments

• If simpler materials were extracted from them then that substance is not an element
• And if no other substance is extracted from it then that substance is one of the fundamental elements of the universe

This topic took too many years because scientists have carried out many different experiments to get to these elements, and with the passage of time we began to discover many elements (gold, silver, copper, iron ...) all of these elements cannot be divided, but it is possible to manipulate these elements together To get new or old materials, for example, if we take hydrogen and oxygen, we get H2O, that is, water.

PERIODIC TABLE.

In 1869 the Russian scientist DIMITRI MENDELEEV managed to group all of these elements into one table or the so-called PERIODIC TABLE. This was a great achievement in the history of mankind and physics,

MENDELEEV presented to the world the recipe of the universe, these elements that establish the vast universe.

THE GOLD FIOL EXPERIMENT

In 1911, the British philosopher ERNEST RUTHERFORD made a very famous experiment in the history of physics called THE GOLD FIOL EXPERIMENT. Through this great experiment, RUTHERFORD was able to prove something very important, that all the elements, which number approximately 118 elements, are made up of something much simpler and the atom.

The atom is very simply a thing called a nucleus with a positive charge around which a light molecule called an electron has a negative charge

All of those preceding elements exist, so the table is made of a nucleus around which electrons revolve

I can guess the accumulation of some questions in the mind of my reader friend now after reading this last piece of information, among those questions, how are all the components consisting of one atom, i.e. two things, a nucleus and electrons, and these elements are different in terms of shape, solidity and physical structure?

Let me explain to you and answer your questions. Where we found that the nucleus of the atom is made of a proton and a neutron, and the answer lies here that elements like OXYGEN and GOLD are different because each of them has a number of protons and neutrons of its own

,

 for example OXYGEN has 8 protons in its nucleus and GOLD has 79 protons in its nucleus, so each One of the other different elements. Is it possible now to say that we have come up with a recipe for the universe?

PARTICLE ACCELERATORS 

In order to ensure that these elements are the simplest thing possible, a machine called PARTICLE ACCELERATORS was invented that speeds the atoms at speeds close to the speed of light, to collide with each other, to break them into small parts.

To see if after the atom break up we will find 3 known types P, N and E? Or will we find other, simpler and smaller types?

P=PROTON

N=NEUTRON

E=ELECTRON

Initially we found that a molecule like an electron could not be fragmented, so an electron was an essential component. The surprise was when we found that P and N that make up the nucleus consist of two other parts.

Their names are UP QUARK and DOWN QUARK. We found that PROTON consists of 2 UP QUARK and DOWN QUARK 1, while for NIOTRON it consists of 1 UP QUARK and DOWN 2 QUARK, so there are two types of QUARKS.

Thus from the new information the universe is made up of electrons, UP QUARK and DOWN QUARK, meaning that the whole world is made of these three molecules.

In fact, 14 molecules other than the three molecules we got were found

So in the end, we got 16 molecules responsible for the birth and establishment of the universe

Listen now, dear reader, the big surprise. That after hundreds of years of research and huge laboratories, we have come to the conclusion that all the molecules and elements we have touched upon and explained in our respectable article represent only 5% of the total matter in the universe.

This indicates that 95% of the vast universe knows nothing of it.

After a great deal of research, it was concluded that 27% of the universe is made up of the so-called Dark MATTER and 68% of the universe is made up of the so-called DARK ENERGY, and they will be published in two other articles, after which the full picture of the universe will become clear. Two previous related to this topic.

To read the first article, click here

To read the second article, click here