Quantum mechanics

Quantum mechanics

Welcome, my friend, reader, in this article, I will give you a first look at Quantum Mechanics, its initiation and foundations, in order to start a series of articles about it, its importance and some of its laws.

1. What is quantum mechanics (M.Q)

•  Quantum physics: is the science that studies systems and deals with phenomena on the atomic (10-10 m = 1A °) and subatomic (<10-10 m) scale.
• • Quantum Mechanics: and the theoretical framework for understanding and describing the structure of matter and the nature of light at infinitely small scales.
  

2. Birth of the M.Q (1900-1930)

• Until the end of the 19th century, classical physics was based on the study of 2 distinct types of objects:

1. a. The material:

 Object characterized by its mass m, its position r and its momentum p.

 It is an object that can be located in space and the study of which is governed by classical Newtonian mechanics.

1. b. The radiation considered as a wave:

 It is a deformation or a disturbance that propagates in an environment.

 The wave is characterized by its frequency f, its wavelength

Ond The wave can be located in space and its study is governed by the electromagnetism of maxwell.

3. The limits of classical physics

• At the end of the 19 century and at the beginning of the 20 century, physics through a crisis:

• A series of experimental results require concepts that are completely incompatible with conventional physics.

• These new problems and these physical phenomena, of which classical physics was unable to explain, lead to the birth of quantum physics.

• These problems arise within the framework of the study of the interaction Radiation / matter such as:

 The influence of the Black body

 The photoelectric effect

 The Compton Effect

 Wave-particle duality

 The atomic Spicter. ect ...

• Need to find other forms of physical laws capable of explaining these physical phenomena ::::::> quantum
The origin of it exceeds beyond, because it searches in the world of ultra-small and ultra-fast phenomena (or quantum mechanics) is a group of physical theories that appeared in the twentieth century, to explain the phenomena at the level of atoms and subatomic particles and has combined between the particle and wave properties of the term to show the term wave-particle duality Thus, quantum mechanics becomes responsible for the physical interpretation at the atomic level as it also applies to classical mechanics but does not show its effect on this level, therefore quantum mechanics is a generalization of classical physics for applicability at the atomic and ordinary levels. It is called quantum mechanics due to the importance of quantum in its construction (a physical term used to describe the smallest amount of energy that can be exchanged between particles, and is used to refer to the specific amounts of energy that are emitted intermittently, not continuously). The terms quantum physics and quantum theory are often used as synonyms for quantum mechanics. Some authors use the term quantum mechanics to refer to non-relativistic quantum mechanics.
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